Taiwan

Taiwan maintains a universally accessible, high-quality healthcare system with excellent outcomes (high life expectancy, low infant mortality) comparable to leading OECD nations. This achievement is notable given its political exclusion from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other major global health bodies, forcing self-reliance and innovation.

Situated at the junction of two major tectonic plates (Philippine Sea Plate and Eurasian Plate), Taiwan is one of the most seismically active regions globally. This constant threat necessitates stringent building codes, advanced early warning systems, and a high degree of societal preparedness and resilience to mitigate disaster impacts.

Like many of its East Asian neighbors, Taiwan is experiencing a rapid decline in birth rates, leading to an accelerated aging population structure. This demographic shift threatens future economic growth and places severe strain on public health systems and pension funds, requiring urgent policy interventions.

Taiwan receives abundant rainfall due to its geography, yet it faces chronic water scarcity issues. This paradox is driven by high population density, poor retention rates due to steep terrain, and frequent extreme weather events (typhoons), necessitating sophisticated water management and conservation efforts.