Kazakhstan

Despite being the ninth-largest country globally, only 1.312% of Kazakhstan's land area is covered by forest. This extremely low percentage highlights the country's dominant arid and steppe geography, presenting challenges for biodiversity and carbon sequestration efforts.

With a life expectancy of 74.40 years, Kazakhstan performs well for an upper-middle-income country, indicating reasonable public health standards and quality of life. This figure is significantly higher than the global average and reflects improvements in healthcare and living conditions.

The unemployment rate in Kazakhstan remains relatively low at 4.821%, which is comparable to or better than many OECD countries. Maintaining low unemployment alongside high GDP growth suggests effective labor market absorption, even while dealing with severe inflation.

Kazakhstan exhibits a high fertility rate (3.01 children per woman), significantly above the replacement level (2.1) and higher than most developed nations. This indicates strong demographic growth potential and suggests a relatively young population structure, posing both opportunities and future demands on education and employment.