Iran

Iran's unemployment rate is relatively low at 9.041%, especially considering the high inflation and volatile economic climate. This figure may mask significant underemployment or reflect a large informal sector, but formally suggests a high level of labor force participation.

Despite severe economic challenges like high inflation and sanctions, Iran maintains strong human development metrics. The literacy rate is high (nearly 89%), and life expectancy (77.65 years) is comparable to many developed countries, suggesting effective public investment in education and health infrastructure.

Iran is highly urbanized, with over three-quarters of its population living in cities, which often correlates globally with lower birth rates. The fertility rate of 1.70 is significantly below the replacement level of 2.1, indicating a rapidly aging population structure in the coming decades.

Iran has achieved 100% access to electricity, a significant infrastructure milestone comparable to developed nations. However, critical environmental metrics like CO2 emissions per capita and renewable energy penetration rates are missing, hindering a full assessment of the sustainability of this energy access.