Germany

Germany demonstrates world-class health infrastructure and maternal care, evidenced by an extremely low infant mortality rate of 3.100 per 1,000 live births. This achievement is supported by a massive commitment to healthcare, with expenditure representing 11.799% of its GDP, showcasing a strong investment in public well-being.

Despite having a highly urbanized population (81.903% living in cities), Germany maintains a significant forest area, covering nearly one-third (32.679%) of its total land. This balance highlights successful land management and conservation efforts, ensuring ecological diversity alongside dense population centers.

Germany faces a severe demographic challenge with a fertility rate of just 1.39 children per woman, far below the replacement level of 2.1. This low rate, coupled with a high life expectancy (80.54 years), ensures a rapidly aging population, placing immense future strain on the healthcare and pension systems.

Despite facing negative GDP growth (-0.870%), Germany maintained an extremely low unemployment rate of 3.068% in 2023. This suggests a tight labor market and potential labor shortages, where employers are hoarding skilled workers even during a downturn, preventing a sharp rise in joblessness typical of recessions.