Canada

Canada retains significant natural capital, with nearly 40% of its total land area covered by forest. This extensive forest area is crucial for global biodiversity and carbon sequestration, reflecting the country's unique geography and low population density outside urban centers.

Despite being the second-largest country globally by area, Canada's population is highly concentrated, with over 82% living in urban areas. This highlights the vast, largely uninhabited nature of the Canadian interior and the concentration of economic activity in major cities near the US border.

Canada boasts a high life expectancy (81.65 years) and a very low infant mortality rate (4.4 per 1,000 live births). These outcomes are likely supported by substantial investment, as health expenditure accounts for over 11% of the GDP.

Canada's fertility rate is extremely low (1.26), significantly below the replacement level of 2.1. This demographic trend indicates a rapidly aging native-born population and a high reliance on immigration to sustain population growth and the workforce.